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A Sivaro book · 14 chapters

GPU clusters and AI infrastructure

How GPU clusters for AI are sized, scheduled and kept busy, and what makes them expensive.

Chapters

  1. 01 How Many GPUs Are in a Cluster? A Practitioner’s GuideHow many GPUs does a cluster need? It depends on workload, interconnect and failure budget. Covers cluster sizes, scaling, and Slurm versus Kubernetes.
  2. 02 AWS Parallel Computing ExplainedHow parallel training works on AWS: data, model and pipeline parallelism, Spot Instances, SageMaker versus EKS, networking, and AWS versus owning GPUs.
  3. 03 What Is the Best GPU Cluster for AI?How to choose a GPU cluster for AI: HPC, composable and Kubernetes designs, node balance, chips, networking, storage, training versus inference, budget.
  4. 04 What Is the Best GPU for Cluster Nodes? A Practitioner’s GuideHow to choose GPUs for cluster nodes: find your bottleneck, compare B200, H100, MI300X and Gaudi 3, then plan interconnects, storage and buy-or-rent.
  5. 05 AI Training Infrastructure GPU Cluster Setup: The 2026 Buying GuideHow to set up a GPU cluster for AI training: when one GPU is enough, cloud versus on-premise, networking, the software stack, tuning and cost trade-offs.
  6. 06 GPU Cluster Benchmarking Tools Comparison 2026How to benchmark a GPU cluster properly. Compares NCCL tests, NeMo, DeepSpeed and MPI microbenchmarks, and covers AWS versus on-premise setups.
  7. 07 Distributed GPU Training vs Single GPU: The Hard TruthWhen one GPU is enough and when to distribute training. Covers data and model parallelism, DDP versus FSDP, cluster design, cost and scaling pitfalls.
  8. 08 The Real Cost of Idle GPUs: How to Optimize GPU Utilization for Cost in 2026Why GPU utilization metrics mislead and how to cut idle cost: kernel tuning, dynamic batching and sharing, FPGA versus GPU, and spot or preemptible VMs.
  9. 09 GPU Cluster Rental Cost: The Complete 2026 Pricing GuideWhat a rented GPU cluster costs: compute, interconnect, storage and power, hidden charges like idle time and egress, vendor comparison and rent or buy.
  10. 10 Best AWS Instance Types for AI Training in 2026: A No-BS GuideWhich AWS instance families suit AI training: P5, P5e, Trainium and G6. Match model size and budget to hardware, plus EFA networking and spot risks.
  11. 11 The Real Cost of GPU Clusters for AI Training in 2026What GPU clusters for AI training cost: hardware, power and network spend, the cloud versus on-premise breakpoint, configuration choices and hidden costs.
  12. 12 Million Token Context GPU RequirementsGPU needs for million-token context: KV cache memory math, why serving and training must be distributed, scheduling GPU jobs on AWS, and when it pays off.
  13. 13 What is Admission Control in GPU Scheduling? A Field GuideWhat admission control does in GPU scheduling and why jobs queue on idle clusters. Covers Kubernetes webhooks, Kueue and three kinds of admission gate.
  14. 14 The Cost-Efficient Storage Architecture for AI (2026 Buyer's Guide)Lower AI storage costs with hot, warm and cold tiers, semantic caching, model weight distribution, versioning, feature stores and vector databases.